Shape-memory Ni-Mn-Ga alloy changes shape in magnetic field, JUNE 9, 2011
Goodfellow, Huntingdon, England, announces the availability of a magnetic shape memory alloy (nickel-manganese-gallium) that responds to magnetic fields as well as to temperature, allowing for the conversion of magnetic field energy into kinetic energy. Although it is similar in action to piezo-based or magnetostrictive materials, this patented NiMnGa single crystal produces much higher strain outputs (typically 10 to 100 times more) and higher energy density (8 to 50 times higher). This innovative alloy represents a significant alternative to conventional actuators, especially for applications that require a large strain and light weight, such as in aerospace, automotive, and medical components.
When placed in a magnetic field, the Ni-Mn-Ga single crystal elongates by up to 6%. This response is faster and more efficient than a traditional temperature-induced response. The elongation is fully reversible (i.e., the original shape is “rememberedâ€) when a magnetic field is applied at 90 degrees to the original field or by the use of a return spring. The shape change is very rapid, with cycle times of up to 1 to 2 kHz observed and several hundred million cycles achieved while testing fatigue life.
The additional thermal shape memory property of the material, whereby it elongates even further above 70°C, can be used as a safety cut-off. The actuator runs until the safe working temperature is reached, whereupon it extends further and cuts off the magnetic field generation. This additional elongation is fully reversible; below 70°C the actuator functions normally again.
Compressing or elongating this material causes it to alter any magnetic field in which it is placed, and this can be used to “harvest†vibration energy. Possible uses include battery charging in environments where it is difficult to gain access to the batteries for replacement. The same properties that create energy harvesters can be used to damp mechanical vibration. http://www.asminternational.org/portal/site/www/NewsItem/?vgnextoid=5dbb03980e170310VgnVCM100000621e010aRCRD
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